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test
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A hidden label
A hidden label
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Deserunt nisi amet elit amet. Amet elit amet, ullamco sint. Ullamco sint ullamco cillum mollit occaecat, laboris adipiscing. Cillum mollit occaecat laboris adipiscing. Occaecat laboris adipiscing ex cupidatat. Adipiscing ex cupidatat voluptate excepteur excepteur eu. Cupidatat, voluptate excepteur excepteur eu consectetur. Excepteur eu consectetur culpa est eiusmod nostrud cillum. Consectetur culpa est eiusmod nostrud. Est eiusmod, nostrud cillum deserunt occaecat.
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gin₃-gin₃
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GIN3-GIN3
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'Lapis lazuli'; attested in VE 868 (not glossed). The term most frequently occurs with the writing za:gin₃, but za-gin₃ is also attested. The writing gin₃(-gin₃) is rare. See Pasquali, Lessico (2005) on the uses of this semi-precious stone attested in the administrative record. It seems that lapis lazuli arrived at Ebla through Mari, see Archi, 'Lapis Lazuli and Shells' (2017). On the etymology, see most recently Oreshko, 'Anatolian Linguistic Influences' (2018), 106.
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ʾa₃-ra-ma-tum
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'a3-ra-ma-tum
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(Some kind of precious apparel); see Waetzoldt, MEE 12 (2001), 325, who tentatively translates 'pendant in the shape of a mountain goat'. Pasquali, 'Lessico' (2005), connects it to *ḥrm, 'to cover'; Archi, 'Jewels' (2002), 187, translates 'pettorale'.
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GIŠ-nu-kiri₆
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GISH-nu-kiri6
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'Garden, grove'.
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si-udu-ur₄
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SI-UDU-UR4
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'Plucked wool''.
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ʾa₃-Ⅰ
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'a3
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A kind of long garment, probably a tunic.
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nig₂-kas₄-kas₄
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NIG2-KAS4-KAS4
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-
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GIŠ-ir-zu₂
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GISH-ir-zu2
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'Saffron yellow; orange'; From West. Sem. *wrs, 'plante tinctoriale servant à teindre en jaune rougeâtre'.
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GA₂×LA₂
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GA2xLA2
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'Weighting; of the weight of'.
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nig₂-kar
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NIG2-KAR
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'To drag away'. Related to VE 73 and 74, nig₂-kar = sa-ʾa₃-bu₃ and nig₂-kar-kar = dal-da-i-bu₃, to be related to *šḥb/*sḥb, 'to drag, to pull away'.
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AN.ŠE₃
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AN.SHE3
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'Upwards; above; in addition to'; See VE 782 AN.ŠE₃ / a-i-num₂, ʿalīnum 'upwards' (Akk. elēnum).
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e₂-DINGIR-DINGIR
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-
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gid₂-tug₂
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GID2-TUG2
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'Long garment', see VE 859 gid₂tug₂ / gu-da-num₂, maybe related to *qtn, 'to be thin'.
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na-mur-ra-tim
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-
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ba-ra-i
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'Selected; of high quality (referred to wool)'.
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a
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'Rain' (when occurring with nig₂-mul(-an)); Sallaberger, 'Nachrichten' (2003), 620 and n19, suggests reports of rainfall in neighboring territories were brought to the Palace.
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A.AM-AM
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A function, most likely the plural of A.AM.
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ku₃-sal
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KU3-SAL
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'Buckle?'.
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nig₂-kas₄
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NIG2-KAS4
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'Battle; war' or 'journey, expedition; caravan'.
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GUDU₄
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GUDU4
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'(a medicinal plant, probably Acacia)', used to cure cattle; see also VE 291. Wr. ▶︎ gišgudu₄, ▶︎ u₂gudu₄
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ri₂-pap
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ri2-pap
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'Ten thousand'.
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ki-sa₂
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KI-SA2
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'retaining wall'; built in stone.
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ʾa₃-da-umtug₂
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'a3-da-um
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Cloak; robe; Pasquali, 'Terminologia semitica' (1997), 219–20, suggests an etymology related to the root *ḥtl, 'to wrap'. The number which follows the term might indicate that it was ‘single’ (-I) or ‘folded’ (-II), although a meaning related to the weaving technique (such as tabby or twill) is also a possible explanation. Other translations include: 'un capo di vestiario', Biga and Milano, ARET IV (1984), 284; 'mantello', Archi and Biga, ARET III (1982), 338; Archi, ARET I (1985), 275; Archi, ARET VII (1988), 204; Lahlouh and Catagnoti, ARET XII (2006), 512); 'ʾà.-fabric with single/double weft', Mander, MEE 10 (1990), passim); 'stoffe-ʾA. a filo singolo/doppio filo', D’Agostino, MEE 7 (1996), passim; 'tessile di medio/alta qualità', Pomponio, ARET XV/2 (2013), 405); 'cloak', Archi, ARET XX (2018), 268); 'ein Gewand', Samir, ARET XIX (2019), 221.
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buru₄mušen
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BURU4-MUSHEN
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'(A kind of bird of prey)', see also VE 1370' buru₄mušen / la-ḫa-bu₃.
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ma-ḫu-at
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ma-hu-at
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'One million'.
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ma-i-ḫu
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ma-i-hu
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'One hundred thousand'; also wr. ma-i-at.
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bi₂-da-ʾa₃-tum
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NE-da-'a3-tum
bi2-da-'a3-tum
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'Opening ceremony', from *ptḥ (Sum. giš-gal₂-taka₄).
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NA-SE₁₁-NA-SE₁₁
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NA-SE11-NA-SE11
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'People'. An Akkadogram, written as a reduplicated form of ▶︎ NA-SE₁₁.
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li
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'One thousand'; mainly wr. li-im.
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GADA
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-
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GIŠ-DU
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GISH-DU
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'Anklet?'; See VE 362 giš-DU / pa₂!(IGI)-a-tu, /paʿamtu/, 'foot'.
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TI-GI-NA
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'(A necklace or torque, typically made of gold or silver with animal-shaped appliques)'. Archi (2002) first proposed this meaning and suggested that the TI-GI-NA was worn around the neck. The author also notes that the fact that 2 TI-GI-NA has only 2 heads (rather than 4) supports the interpretation that it refers to a single object with two parts, making the numeral 2 redundant if the -a indicates a dual form. However, it is important to note that while the ending -a suggests a dual form, it could also indicate a loanword from Akkadian. This term may be related to the Akkadian word tiqnum ('embellishment, ornament, insignia,' CAD T [2006], 422) derived from taqānu ('to become placid, orderly, secure,' CAD T [2006], 197).
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gu₂-bar
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gu2-bar
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KUBĀRUM, measure for arids; the origin of term, which is transliterated as gu₂-bar, gu₂-bar, or GU₂-BAR depending on the interpretation, is still debated. Marchesi ('Plants and Trees' [2013], esp. 87n30, with bibliography) reads it an Akkadogram for kubārum «“the large one” (of the measuring vessels).» Known only at Ebla, it was used for the measurement of arids: it corresponds to 120 assammū (AN.ZAM, uncertain capacity). Scholars suggest a value of 0.16, 0.5, 0.6, or 0.85 litres: correspondingly, a kubārum could be of 19.2, 60, 72, or 102 litres.
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e₂
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E2
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'House; temple'.
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ma-i-at
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'One hundred thousand'; also wr. ma-i-ḫu.
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GANA₂-KI
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GANA2-KI
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'Plot of land'. See also VE 842-844.
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AN.ŠE₃.GU₂
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AN.SHE3.GU2
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'(Partial) sum, total'.
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mi-at
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'One hundred'.
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TI-KI-NA
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-
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ni-zi-mu
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'Laminating'.
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u₂-ḫab₂
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'Dark red'; note that in VE 228 U₂-GIGIR // a-ša-ḫa-bu₃, Akk. isḫappu, “rogue man”, U₂-HAB₂ has been misinterpreted as a variant of gišḫab, Akk. ḫūratu.
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nig₂-mu-sa₂
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NIG2-MU-SA2
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(noun) 'Bridewealth'. A 'syllabic' local variant of Sumerian nig₂-mussaₓ(SAL.US₂)sa₂, literally 'that which belongs to the son-in-law', as Sumerian mussaₓ is the term the family of the bride uses to address the husband. At Ebla, often appears in the expression in ud nig₂-mu-sa₂, describing the moment of the bridewealth delivery by the groom's family.
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GIB₃.GARIG.TUR
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GIB3.GARIG.TUR
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-
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KAK.KA.BU
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'(A necklace)'.
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NA₄-MUL-ḫu
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NA4-MUL-hu
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Alternate spelling for nab-ḫu, 'rock crystal'.
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na-ba-ḫu
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na-ba-hu
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Alternate spelling for nab-ḫu, 'rock crystal'.
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še₃
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esh2
she3
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Logographic writing for the masc. gen. sing. relative pronoun. In the past transliterated as eš₂ and compared to the preposition iš.
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ti-tug₂
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ti-tug2
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'Ribbed clothing (when referred to a textile)'; see also the translation 'tunic with folds' found in Archi, ARET XIV (2023), s.v. AKTUM-TUG₂, 522.
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e₂-ti-tug₂
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E2-TI-TUG2
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'A warehouse of clothing; house of the garments (an administrative unit of the Palace)'.
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ba-su-ga
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'Shortage (of food)'. Interpreted as paššuqā, from pašāqu, 'to become narrow'.
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še-mar-tukuₓ
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SHE-MAR-TUKUx
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'Hunger'. Interpreted as ḥammuṣā, from ḥamāṣu, 'to be hungry'.
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nab-ḫu
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nab-hu
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'Rock crystal'; wr. also ▶︎ NA₄-MUL-ḫu, ▶︎ na-ba-ḫu.
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A.AM
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A function.
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ra-gi-i₃
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ra-gi-i3
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'Scented ointment'; see also Ug. rqḥ, 'perfume, ointmen' (DUL3, s.v., 735).
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LAGAB×LA₂
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LAGABxLA2
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-
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na-mur-ra-tum
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'(a shiny stone)'; the term comes from *nmr, “to shine”. The connection with alabaster or the like has been made by Pasquali (Lessico [2005], 72, with previous bibliography), since the term appears as na₄ na-mur-ra-tum in incantation ARET V 5 = 75.2194.
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za-gin₃
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ZA-GIN3
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-
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za:gin₃
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ZA:GIN3
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-
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ugula
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Supervisor, overseer
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ugula-munsub₃
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Chied herdsman
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NA-SE₁₁
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NA-SE11
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'People'. An Akkadogram.
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e₂-DINGIR-DINGIR-DINGIR
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E2-DINGIR-DINGIR-DINGIR
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'Temple of the deified ancestors'.
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a-a
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Plural of a.
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izi-gar
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(noun) 'lightning of the braziers'. A ceremony performed during the 10th month, which also lends its name to the month itself. See also under ḫur-mu.
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li-im
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'One thousand'; also wr. li.
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gada-TUG₂
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GADA-TUG2
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'Linen robe or fabric'; ▶︎ gada may refer to both fabric and linen plant/seed, but the presence of the determinative suggests GADA-TUG₂ refers specifically to a linen robe or fabric.
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nig₂-kas₄-nig₂-kas₄
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NIG2-KAS4-NIG2-KAS4
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-
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A.AM-A.AM
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A function, most likely the plural of A.AM.
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NU₁₁-ZA
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NU11-ZA
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'Decorated'; probably refers to objects decorated with precious stone or gold leaf.
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ʾa₅-za-ru₁₂
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-
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